اردو گرامر کی تشکیل نو: اردو، عربی، انگریزی اور فارسی میں معرفہ اور نکرہ کا تقابلی جائزہ

Abstract

Urdu grammar, heavily influenced by Arabic grammar, adopts a multitude of terminologies from Arabic. Despite numerous grammar books, persistent confusion exists in the Urdu definitions of key terms, notably "Ma'rifah" and "Nakrah." The confusion arises from the misinterpretation of these terms in relation to Proper Noun (Ism-e_Khas) and Common Noun (Ism-e-Aam) by grammarians. Early scholars employed "Ism-e-Ma'rifah" and "Ism-e-Nakrah," later replaced by "Ism-e-Khaas" and "Ism-e-Aam." Unfortunately, most definitions provided by grammarians are inaccurate, with only a select few offering precise explanations. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of definitions in Arabic, English, and Persian grammar, contrasting them with Urdu interpretations to underscore discrepancies. The primary objective is to establish a comprehensive and scientifically accurate definition for "Ma'rifah" and "Nakrah." Additionally, the article delves into the interchangeable use of "Ism-e-Khaas" and "Ism-e-Aam" by Urdu grammarians, contributing to the broader discourse on these terms. This research not only addresses the specific goal of rectifying the definitions of "Ma'rifah" and "Nakrah" but also significantly contributes to the clarification of terminology within the realm of Urdu grammar writing.

Keywords: Ma'rifah and Nakrah, Ism-e-Aam and Khaas, Comparative

     Grammar, Urdu Grammar, Grammar Writing