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In: Research Articles, Tehseel Issue 5
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Abstract
This article compares the selected couplets of the 1923 published work of mathnavi Asrar-e khudi by Allama Iqbal with its two bayaazs to mention the modifications of its widely published text by the Iqbal Academy, Lahore. The article writer mentions such couplets varying from the bayaaz. The 1923 text of the mathnavi was its third edition. Its first edition was published in 1915 and the second in 1918. Its bayaazs are of two types. The first one provides many corrections made by the poet Allama Iqbal as it was criticized and Allama Iqbal had to make some changes in it. The headings, it contained, are varying to a larger extent. The contents of the bayaaz shows that the mathnavi did not reach then to its final version. The other bayaaz has the same condition. This bayaaz is devoid of some of the couplets which are included in its final version published later on.Read More →

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In: Research Articles, Tehseel Issue 2
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The history of the cultural interaction of the Muslims of the subcontinent with English (in what this word signifies as a language, and as a synecdoche of Western culture and modernity) could be divided into three phases which are overlapping, but still identifiably distinct in their attitudes and outlook. Each of these phases contains its representative cultural figures, which can possibly become a measure of our terms of engagement with English as a culture. The earliest phase of this history may roughly correspond with the formal fall of the Muslim rule (1857) in India, the formation of the Aligarh College, and the emergence of such cultural figures like Syed Ahmad Khan, Shibli Nomani, Akbar Allahabadi, Hali, Nazir Ahmad, and Iqbal. The present study rebuts such theses that see Shibli’s relationship with English, and through him our larger cultural relationship with English in its earliest phase while treating him as a culturally representative figure, as that of hypocritical ambivalence (tazabzub). This study also includes Iqbal, another towering cultural figure that emerged from the first waves of the Orient-Occident cultural hybridity in the subcontinent, to argue that to consider the cultural hybridity of such figures like Shibli and Iqbal as hypocritically and self-contradictorily ambivalent (mutazabzab) would be to force Greco-Christian and Greco-Jewish (or Western) critical categories upon a cultural situation that requires critical categories drawn from the Islamic tradition for a proper understanding of its hybridity or its “being-in-the-middle”. Read More →

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In: Gosha e Iqbal, Tehseel Issue 1
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This article aims to comment on one of the couplets of Bale Jibreel by Allama Iqbal. To find what the poet meant by …Naghma, Jibreel Ashob in the last couplet of one of his Ghazals of the aforesaid work, the writer of the article consulted many commentaries for the couplet but in vain.Praising the clarity of DrKhwajaZikria Muhammad, one of the commentators of Iqbal’s work, the article discusses three other commentaries and briefed their viewpoints. The article shared some of the even known commentators of Iqbal’s work are found uncertain in this regard. One of the important aspects of the article is that the writer of the article himself attempts to resolve by mentioning the way the Ghazals reaches its zenith, unfolding the meaning of the last couplet of the Ghazal.Read More →

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In: Gosha e Iqbal, Tehseel Issue 1
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Sufi Ghulam Mustafa Tabassum is one of the most respected creative writers of twentieth century. He brought the wealth of his creative, academic and literary faculties into various academic and literary fields. He was very impressed by the thought and poetry of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. In order to introduce youth to Iqbal’s thought, he began a series called “A Verse by Iqbal” for the Radio Pakistan. In this radio program he would give easy-to-understand interpretation of Iqbal’s difficult Urdu and Persian verses. From this series, one hundred of the Persian verses and one hundred of the Urdu verses have been published as a book. In this article, I present some more Persian verses which are yet unpublished. This will contribute towards a better understanding of Iqbal’s poetry and would help students of the Iqbal Studies in understanding Iqbal’s thought.Read More →